Acne scars or scarring like acne itself have certain causes that provoke scars to develop. There are ways to prevent your skin from scarring. Before moving on about acne scar, it is worth pointing out: there are spots on your skin that can appear in every respect to be scars, but they are not--for the reason that a permanent modification has taken place. Although such spots are not really scars and vanish in time, they are apparent and may cause you embarrassment.

Macules are flat reddish spots which are the last and fully-developed stage of acne lesions that are inflamed. After this acne lesion becomes flat, a macule can linger  to make a spot for as long as 6 months. When the macule finally fades, no sign of it ever existing will remain.

Post-inflammatory pigmentation is a condition of the skin's discoloration at the place of a healed, or sometimes, an inflamed acne lesion that is still healing.  Darker-complexioned people often suffer this condition; however, it can also occur to fair-skinned people.  Post-inflammatory pigmentation can be minimized when a dermatologist treats it early on. Certain cases of post-inflammatory pigmentation can linger on for as long as 18 months, and particularly, when the sufferer spends long periods exposed to the sun. Chemical peeling can quicken  the removal of post-inflammatory pigmentation.

Causes of Acne Scars

Scars develop at the place where the tissue suffers an injury. These places are the apparent reminders of both tissue and injury repair. But unlike acne, the injury is brought about because of the body’s inflammatory reaction to sebum, dead cells, and bacteria that are in the plugged sebaceous follicle. There are two kinds of real scars: a) depressed areas like ice-pick scars, and b) erected thickened tissue like keloids.

At the moment when tissue is dealt an injury, your body reacts by swiftly sending in its repair crew to the point of injury. Helpers in this repair crew are white blood cells and inflammatory molecules which are assigned the task to fix tissue and attack infection. Yet, when the repair crew complete their work, they can leave a sloppy repair place of either eroded tissue, or fibrous scar tissue.

Inflammatory molecules and white blood cells can linger at the place of a live acne lesion for a number of days or weeks. For those of us who are vulnerable to scarring, the final and most-feared result can materialize as an acne scar. The event of scarring is yet not fully understood. Among sufferers there exist a range of variations in scarring, which means that certain individuals have a greater tendency to get scars than others. Scarring often happens because of extreme inflammatory nodulocystic acne which develops deep in your skin.  Scarring can also emerge from inflamed lesions that are more superficial in nature.

The life span of scars is also not totally understood. Some sufferers experience minor or no changes in their lifetime acne scars; other sufferers are more fortunate: their skin goes through a process of "landscaping" and their acne scars reduce in size. 

Acne Scar Prevention

Just as it's nearly impossible to know how long people will continue to wear their scars, it's quite difficult to say how successfully scars may be prevented by applying an effective acne treatment. Yet, the best approach for preventing and reducing a case of scars is to begin treating acne as soon as possible in its development, and to continue treating it as long as treatment is required. When the chances are that inflammation may be prevented or reduced, the chances become better that the scars may be prevented. People with acne who have a history to scar are highly recommended to have a dermatologist for supervision. (You can find a dermatologist where you reside by clicking on our resource section.) 

Acne Scar Types

There exists two kinds of acne scars which are recognized through tissue reaction to inflammation:

1.  Scars that develop because of increased tissue formation.

2.  Scars that develop from the loss of tissue. 

The Creation of Scar from Increased Tissue Formation

Keloids is the name given  for scars that develop because of increased tissue formation. A Keloid scar is linked with large quantities of collagen which is a cell substance.  An excess creation of collagen is a reaction of the skin cells to injury. What happens next is that the extra amount of collagen is stockpiled in fibrous heaps, causing a familiar smooth, firm, and generally oddly-formed scar.

The usual keloid scar in diameter is between 1 to 2 millimeters; some can be as big as 1 centimeter or even larger. Keloid scars have a hereditary aspect which means that irregular development of scar tissue has the tendency to grow in a certain class of people with a susceptible disposition. Keloid scars can persist for years; it can also reduce in size with time.

 Scars Caused from Tissue Loss

Acne scars linked with tissue loss are more prevalent than hypertrophic and keloids scars. Scars linked with tissue loss are:

Depressed fibrotic scars are often pretty large with steep sides and sharp edges. The root-base of depressed fibrotic scars is solid to the touch. With time ice-pick scars can develop into depressed fibrotic scars.

Ice-pick Scars generally happen on the cheek. Ice-pick scars are often little with steep sides and a rough edge. They can be deep or shallow, and can be soft or hard to the touch. The difference of these the soft and hard scars: hard ice-pick scars are unable to expand or stretch. Soft scars, on the other hand, may be improved when the skin is stretched.

Atrophic macules are often quite small as they develop on the face; but on the body they can measure to a centimeter or bigger. Atrophic macules are smooth, frequently with a bit wrinkled base; they can appear bluish because of blood vessels that lie beneath the scar. Through time, these scar transform  in color from blue to ivory white in fair-complexioned people, appearing a lot less apparent.

Soft, superficial, or deep scars are soft. These scars possess sloping rolled edges which blend with normal skin. They are often little, linear, or circular in shape.

Follicular macular atrophy often occurs on the back or chest of a person with acne. They are little, white, smooth lesions, frequently hardly erected above the skin's surface. The lesions can endure anywhere from months to years.

 Acne Scar Removal / Treatments

There exists a fair number of treatments for acne scars by dermatologic surgery. The kind of treatment you ultimately choose should be one which will prove most ideal in regard to cost, skin type, and exactly what you wish the treatment to do for you. You also have to weigh in in your decision of treatment the real chance that certain kinds of treatments can actually end up in additional scarring if you are very prone to the formations of scars.

Here are other points to bear in mind when considering dermatologic surgical treatment for removing acne scars:

• How do you feel about scars. Do acne scars have an emotional or psychological influence in your life?  Can you deal with your current scars and have the patience for them to disappear on their own?

• How bad are your scars. Is your acne scarring seriously disfiguring?
   

• Seek a dermatologist's professional opinion to help determine if scar treatment is truly needed for you. If yes, which scar treatment is more likely to be the best one for your case.

Prior to embracing fully to an acne scar treatment, you ought to have an honest talk with your dermatologist which include the above questions. Your dermatologist will ask you how you feel about scars. S/he must do a complete analysis and conclude what treatment will be most effective, or if no treatment is required.

These are the scar treatments available today:

Dermabrasion

Dermabrasion is thought by many to be one of the best acne scar treatments. Under this treatment, minimize tiny scars, surgical scars, skin surface irregularities, and acne scars. In dermabrasion, what happens is the removal of top skin layers with an electrical machine which erodes the skin. It also changes the contour of your scars. Shallow scars can be completely removed. Deeper scars can be diminished in depth. When the skin begins to heal from this treatment, its surface looks smoother and fresher. Bear in mind that dermabrasion does not work for types of scars.  This procedure may create changes in skin color for people with darker-complexion.

Collagen Injection

Collagen is injected beneath the skin in order substitute the body's natural collagen. This helps stretch particular kinds of deep and superficial soft scars. Usually Collagen treatment will not work ideally for both keloids and ice-pick scars. Collagen is often opted for treating scars, wrinkles, and facial lines. Collagen injection provides cosmetic benefit that usually endures 3 to 6 months.

Chemical Peels

Chemical peels are frequently used to reduce sun-damaged skin, superficial scars, and abnormal pigment. During this procedure the top skin layer is taken off with a chemical application to the skin. The skin itself regenerates when the top layer is removed, sometimes improving its appearance.

Autologous Fat Transfer

Fat is transferred from another place on the body and is then prepared and injected into the skin. This fat is injected  under the skin's surface in order to raise depressed scars. This method is often used to rectify deep contour defects that are brought about through scarring from nodulocystic acne. Since the fat undergoes reabsorption into your skin during a time frame between 6 to 18 calendar months, the method generally has be repeated. The patient can experience longer enduring results when fat-transfer procedures are multiple.

Laser Treatment

Lasers of varying intensity and wavelength might be used in order to resurface scar tissue and diminish the redness of skin surrounding healed acne lesions. Tissue can be wiped off with stronger instruments like the carbon dioxide laser. Sometimes only one treatment is required to produce permanent results. Since the skin absorbs potent bursts of energy, there can exist redness for many months.

Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion is a new method. Instead of a fast-speed brush, microdermabrasion applies aluminum oxide crystals going into a vacuum tube to take off surface skin. No more than surface skin cells are removed. Usually multiple procedures are needed, but scars might not show significant improvement. 

Skin Surgery

Certain cases of ice-pick scars can be simply removed excision of every individual scar. During this method, each scar is excised all the way down to the level of subcutaneous fat. A small graft can be used to repair the hole in the skin. Subcision is a method by which a surgical instrument is used to raise the scar tissue away from unscarred skin; this act will elevate a depressed scar.

Skin Grafting

Skin grafting can be required under particular conditions. Skin grafting can be needed to seal the defect of an unroofed sinus tracts.